Beyond Quantum Computers: Quantum Sensing as the Next Practical Revolution in Engineering Physics

Abstract

Although closely linked with quantum computing, quantum sensing is one of the earliest practical and engineering relevant applications of quantum science. Quantum sensors take advantage of quantum phenomena like superposition, entanglement, coherence, and tunneling to make measurements much more precise than classical sensors. The goal of this review is to give a broad perspective on the basic concepts, technological platforms, engineering applications, challenges at present, and future possibilities of quantum sensing. The atomic clock, quantum magnetometer, nitrogen vacancy diamond sensor, cold atom gravimeter, superconducting quantum sensor and photonic quantum sensing system are all discussed as major sensing platforms. It also looks at the potential of these technologies as applied to a variety of other applications such as biomedical imaging, clean energy systems, navigation and positioning, environmental monitoring, materials science and space exploration. There is special focus on the emerging role of quantum sensing in engineering physics and its applicability for solving practical technological problems with the new level of sensitivity, accuracy and stability. Recent breakthroughs, miniaturization approaches, integration into artificial intelligence systems, and scalability, noise reduction, cost and commercialization issues are also discussed. Quantum sensing is a contemporary and innovative field of study, given the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology celebrated in 2025 by UNESCO. In summary, quantum sensing could prove a viable link between the fundamental study of quantum physics and the future development of engineering systems, further bringing quantum technologies from the laboratory to the real world.